Transportasi Perkotaan 2021–2025: Emisi, Produktivitas, dan Kesehatan Masyarakat

Abstract

This study examines the evolution of urban transportation systems from 2021 to 2025 and their impacts on emission levels, workforce productivity, and public health. Using a qualitative narrative approach, this research integrates environmental reports, mobility datasets, and public health narratives to portray how urban commuting patterns have shifted in response to technological, infrastructural, and behavioral changes. Findings reveal that although sustainable transportation technologies expanded, rising private vehicle usage continued to challenge air quality improvement. Productivity levels increased in parallel with reduced commuting time, while public health outcomes showed decreasing respiratory cases but persistent mental fatigue associated with mobility stress. The study highlights that urban transportation reform is not only an environmental necessity but also a key determinant of societal well-being and economic efficiency.